Table 6.
Effect of curcumin on immune measurements in the serum of broilers reared under high stocking density.
| IgA (g/L) | IgG (g/L) | IgM (g/L) | IL-2 (pg/mL) | IL-6 (pg/mL) | TNF-a (pg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSD control | 0.062 ± 0.002 a | 0.089 ± 0.003 a | 0.092 ± 0.005 a | 110.14 ± 5.41 d | 15.62 ± 0.87 d | 69.92 ± 3.54 c |
| HSD control | 0.015 ± 0.003 b | 0.034 ± 0.008 c | 0.048 ± 0.009 d | 166.67 ± 8.11 a | 28.58 ± 2.74 a | 98.02 ± 7.22 a |
| HSD + curcumin 100 | 0.048 ± 0.002 ab | 0.055 ± 0.006 bc | 0.066 ± 0.007 c | 141.67 ± 6.33 b | 22.54 ± 1.66 b | 77.37 ± 5.81 b |
| HSD + curcumin 200 | 0.061 ± 0.003 a | 0.065 ± 0.006 b | 0.079 ± 0.007 b | 122.14 ± 7.27 c | 18.54 ± 0.96 c | 71.16 ± 4.54 c |
| P-Tukey | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
The data shown are the mean and standard deviation. a–d Means bearing different superscript letters within the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05). MSD = low stocking density, HSD = high stocking density, Ig = immunoglobulin, IL = interleukin, TNF = tumour necrosis factor.