ARS	Alizarin red s
arPES	Amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate
AQBA	Anthraquinone boronic acid
AI	Artificial intelligence
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
CHIT	Chitosan
CMOS	Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
DM	Diabetes mellitus
DPV	Differential pulse voltammetry
ESM	Eggshell membrane
Fc	Ferrocene
Fc[CO-Cys(Trt)-OMe]2	Ferrocene diformylcysteine
Fc[CO-Glu-Cys-Gly-OH]	Ferrocene glutathione
FcAb	Ferrocene-tagged anti-HbA1c antibody
FIA	Flow injection analysis
FTO	Fluorine-doped tin oxide
FAO	Fructosyl amino acid oxidase
FPOX	Fructosyl peptide oxidase
FV	Fructosyl valine
FVH	Fructosyl valine histidine
GHA	GHb-targeted aptamer
GC	Glassy carbon
GCE	Glassy carbon electrode
GOx	Glucose oxidase
GA	Glutaraldehyde
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
GPP	Glycated pentapeptide
AuNFs	Gold nanoflowers
AuNPs	Gold nanoparticles
GO	Graphene oxide
GS	Graphite sheet
Hp	Haptoglobin
Hb	Hemoglobin
HJNH	Heterojunction nano hybrid material
HPLC	High performance liquid chromatography
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
IFG	Impaired fasting glucose
IGT	Impaired glucose tolerance
ITO	Indium tin oxide
IFCC	International Federation of Clinical Chemistry
MPBA	Mercaptophenyl boronic acid
MIC	Molecularly imprinted catalyst
MIP	Molecularly imprinted polymer
NWCNT	Multiwalled carbon nanotube
Nf	Nafion
NSPC	N, S-doped porous carbon
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance test
PtNPs	Platinum nanoparticles
PBA	Phenylboronic acid
PBS	Phosphate buffered saline
POCT	Point-of-care test
PET	Polyethylene terephthalate
PIN5COOH	Polyindole-5-carboxylic acid
pTTBA	Poly(terthiophene benzoic acid)
PVI	Polyvinyl imidazole
PAPBA	Poly(3-aminophenylboric acid)
PB	Prussian Blue
PQQ	Pyrroloquinoline quinine
RGO	Reduced graphene oxide
RVC	Reticulated vitreous carbon
SPCE	Screen-printed carbon electrode
SAM	Self-assembled monolayer
SPR	Surface plasmon resonance
SELEX	Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
TEOS	Tetraethyl silica
T3BA	Thiophene-3-boronic acid
TiO2	Titanium dioxide
TBO	Toluidine blue O
Tris	Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
FDMA	1,1′-di(aminomethyl)ferrocene
MU	11-mercapto-1-undecanol
PTA	12-phosphotungstic acid
APBA	3-aminophenylboronic acid
MPA	3-mercaptopropionic acid
4-MPBA	4-mercaptophenyl boric acid