Table 1.

^a List of AKR1B1 substrate examples. The specificity constant K_S is reported for each substrate.

Hydrophobic Substrates and Derivatives	Ks mM−1min−1	Aldoses	Ks mM−1min−1
propanal	5.5	d-glyceraldehyde	1860
butanal	439	l-glyceraldehyde	6840
hexanal	3657	d-threose	114
nonanal	1157	l-threose	276
trans-2-pentenal	61.7	d-arabinose	0.24
trans-2-nonenal	2058	l-arabinose	10.8
4-hydroxy trans-2-pentenal	199	d-xylose	8.4
4-hydroxy trans-2-nonenal	921	l-xylose	0.48
trans-4-decenal	1108	d-idose	4.2
cis-4-decenal	862	l-idose	35.75
4-hydroxy trans-2,3-nonenal	2320	d-glucose	0.61
3-glutathionyl-4-hydroxy-nonanal	1376	l-glucose	n.d. b

^a Adapted from [55]; ^b Not determinable; l-glucose is not a substrate up to 30 mM concentration.