Table 4.
Challenges and solutions of using the online UV-Vis spectrophotometers.
| Challenges | Causes | Solutions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Installation issues | Probe corrosion issue | Use an ‘on-demand’ pump sampling system | [38] |
| Measurement accuracy | Missing calibrations Low water level |
Proper calibration in-situ and maintenance Pump water to the instrument |
[93] |
| Detection difficulty | Challenging nature of the source water | Site-specific compensation Regular maintenance Select the correct pathlength Develop surrogate parameters |
[41,82,90] |
| Data processing | Large volume of data Data type Faulty data |
Use or develop specialised tools Expertise |
[3,38,78,90] |
| Maintenance cost | Calibration issue | Use alternative particle compensation method Provide training for maintenance skills |
[38] |