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Mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in the context of LPS-induced inflammation in astrocytes. The figure illustrates an overview of the curcumin-AhR pathway, which is involved in regulating LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicated that AhR may have two ligand-binding sites and these different ligands may synergistically modulate LPS-induced inflammation as shown in the figure. AhR-LBS, AhR ligand-binding site.
