Table 1.

Clinical studies showing an independent association between the trabecular bone score (TBS) and osteoporotic fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Study	Design	Study Population	Results
Leslie et al., 2013 [75]	Retrospective cohort (mean follow-up 4.7 years)	29,407 women ≥ 50 years (2356 with diagnosed T2DM)	TBS predicted major osteoporotic fractures (hip, spine, forearm and humerus) in T2DM (HR 1.27, CI 1.10–1.46)
Zhukouskaya et al., 2015 [76]	Cross-sectional	99 postmenopausal women with T2DM/107 healthy controls	TBS was associated with VF (AUC 0.69, cut-off value 1.130 in ROC curve analysis)
Yamamoto et al., 2019 [77]	Cross-sectional	584 patients with T2DM (257 postmenopausal women and 291 men > 50 years)	TBS correlated with prevalent VF in multivariate logistic regression analysis
Lin et al., 2019 [78]	Cross-sectional	285 postmenopausal women with T2DM	TBS had the strongest association with VF (AUC 0.775)

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TBS, trabecular bone score; VF, vertebral fractures; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve.