Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Patients.
| Total (N = 262) |
Snare Group (N = 20) |
Conventional Group (N = 242) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, year | 67.4 ± 11.8 | 67.0 ± 12.0 | 67.4 ± 11.8 | 0.883 |
| Male | 168 (64.1) | 10 (50.0) | 158 (65.3) | 0.260 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 23.0 ± 3.8 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 0.527 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 145 (55.3) | 9 (45.0) | 136 (56.2) | 0.463 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 103 (39.3) | 7 (35.0) | 96 (39.7) | 0.863 |
| Chronic kidney disease * | 42 (16.0) | 3 (15.0) | 39 (16.1) | 1.000 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 37 (14.1) | 2 (10.0) | 35 (14.5) | 0.828 |
| Underlying heart disease | 0.174 | |||
| ICMP | 66 (25.2) | 2 (10.0) | 64 (26.4) | |
| Non-ICMP | 196 (74.8) | 18 (90.0) | 178 (73.6) | |
| ECG findings | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 47 (17.9) | 4 (20.0) | 43 (17.8) | 1.000 |
| LBBB | 228 (87.0) | 20 (100.0) | 208 (86.0) | 0.147 |
| Initial QRS duration (msec) | 169 ± 24 | 173 ± 26 | 169 ± 24 | 0.488 |
| Echocardiogram findings | ||||
| Initial LVEF (%) | 28 ± 6 | 30 ± 4 | 27 ± 7 | 0.004 |
| Initial LVESV (mL) | 164 ± 68 | 135 ± 41 | 167 ± 70 | 0.004 |
| Procedure type | 0.960 | |||
| CRT-D | 255 (97.3) | 20 (100.0) | 235 (97.1) | |
| CRT-P | 7 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (2.9) | |
| Concurrent medications | ||||
| Beta blocker | 191 (72.9) | 18 (90.0) | 173 (71.5) | 0.126 |
| ACEi, ARB, ARNI | 234 (89.3) | 19 (95.0) | 215 (88.8) | 0.631 |
| MRA | 194 (74.0) | 16 (80.0) | 178 (73.6) | 0.714 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). * Chronic kidney disease was defined as serum creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL. Abbreviations: ICMP, ischemic cardiomyopathy; ECG, electrocardiography; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricle end-systolic volume; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator; CRT-P, cardiac resynchronization therapy-pacemaker; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin II receptor blocker-neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.