Table 2.
Chemical composition of L. digitata and experimental diets.
| Macroalga | Dietary Treatments 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | L. digitata | Control | LA | LAR | LAE |
| Energy (kcal ME/kg dry matter) | 3065 | 4178 | 4184 | 4209 | 4201 |
| Proximate composition (% as dry matter) | |||||
| Dry matter | 90.8 | 89.8 | 89.8 | 90.1 | 90.1 |
| Crude protein | 4.85 | 23.0 | 23.7 | 23.5 | 23.3 |
| Crude fat | 1.31 | 8.28 | 9.95 | 10.10 | 10.20 |
| Ash | 17.4 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.6 |
| Amino-acid composition (% as fed basis) | |||||
| Arginine | - | 1.54 | 1.54 | 1.54 | 1.54 |
| Histidine | - | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
| Isoleucine | - | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 |
| Leucine | - | 1.91 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 |
| Lysine | - | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
| Methionine | - | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| Phenylalanine | - | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 |
| Threonine | - | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
| Tryptophan | - | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
| Valine | - | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 |
| Fatty-acid profile (% total fatty acids) | |||||
| 14:0 | 5.12 | 0.088 | 0.206 | 0.207 | 0.214 |
| 16:0 | 22.7 | 9.13 | 8.78 | 8.84 | 8.79 |
| 16:1c9 | 2.95 | 0.114 | 0.174 | 0.175 | 0.175 |
| 17:0 | 0.454 | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.049 | 0.047 |
| 17:1c9 | 0.581 | 0.026 | 0.036 | 0.038 | 0.039 |
| 18:0 | 1.09 | 3.05 | 3.10 | 3.13 | 3.17 |
| 18:1c9 | 19.3 | 27.5 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 27.2 |
| 18:2n-6 | 8.32 | 56.4 | 56.8 | 56.8 | 56.1 |
| 18:3n-3 | 5.14 | 0.888 | 0.935 | 0.932 | 0.919 |
| 18:4n-3 | 5.84 | 0.005 | 0.143 | 0.149 | 0.149 |
| 20:0 | 0.931 | 0.345 | 0.316 | 0.324 | 0.320 |
| 20:4n-6 | 9.79 | 0.001 | 0.208 | 0.211 | 0.218 |
| 20:5n-3 | 13.8 | 0.004 | 0.276 | 0.280 | 0.290 |
| Diterpene profile (µg/g) | |||||
| α-Tocopherol | 38.2 | 71.4 | 92.2 | 85.8 | 81.7 |
| α-Tocotrienol | n.d. | 6.39 | 3.55 | 3.19 | 3.09 |
| γ-Tocopherol | 0.180 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 0.929 | 0.960 |
| γ-Tocopherol + β-tocotrienol | 0.129 | 5.68 | 3.44 | 3.06 | 3.26 |
| γ-Tocotrienol | n.d. | 6.13 | 3.85 | 3.25 | 3.23 |
| δ-Tocopherol | n.d. | 1.11 | 0.759 | 0.597 | 0.730 |
| Pigments (µg/g) 2 | |||||
| β-Carotene | 7.34 | 0.846 | 3.30 | 3.49 | 2.87 |
| Chlorophyll a | 235 | 1.72 | 58.6 | 57.2 | 58.6 |
| Chlorophyll b | 4.40 | 0.566 | 1.01 | 0.855 | 1.21 |
| Total chlorophylls | 239 | 2.29 | 59.6 | 58.01 | 59.8 |
| Total carotenoids | 93.9 | 2.87 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 21.7 |
| Total chlorophylls + carotenoids | 333 | 5.16 | 81.2 | 79.6 | 81.5 |
| Mineral profile (mg/kg dry matter) | |||||
| Arsenic | 40.3 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Barium | 5.94 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Bromine | 474 | 4.79 | 131 | 131 | 122 |
| Cadmium | 0.072 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Calcium | 8819 | 28,128 | 17,327 | 18,392 | 17,530 |
| Chromium | 2.13 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Cobalt | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Copper | 2.88 | 26.68 | 16.06 | 15.42 | 15.68 |
| Iodine | 4399 | 1.64 | 1068 | 1076 | 1036 |
| Iron | 144 | 407 | 237 | 274 | 241 |
| Lead | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Magnesium | 5637 | 2648 | 3326 | 3466 | 3276 |
| Manganese | 5.42 | 218 | 154 | 171 | 160 |
| Nickel | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Phosphorus | 903 | 12,129 | 7647 | 7881 | 7673 |
| Potassium | 28,530 | 15,676 | 19,011 | 19,237 | 18,596 |
| Sodium | 22,627 | 3563 | 5807 | 6495 | 6077 |
| Sulfur | 7653 | 4012 | 4474 | 4664 | 4599 |
| Vanadium | 1.34 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| Zinc | 28.1 | 233 | 147 | 168 | 145 |
1 Control, corn–soybean basal diet; LA, basal diet plus 15% L. digitata; LAR, basal diet plus 15% L. digitata + 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP; LAE, basal diet plus 15% L. digitata + 0.01% recombinant CAZyme. 2 Pigments were determined using the equations described by Hynstova et al. (2018). n.d., not detected.