Figure 5.

Effects of free-Pg and Pg-loaded liposomal systems on PA-induced intracellular superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−) generation in L02 cells. (A) Quantitative determination of O₂^•− as “% of mean DHE fluorescence intensity compared to control”. (B) Qualitative determination of O₂^•− by “photographs of DHE fluorescence intensity of different samples”. Individual alphabet represents the significant difference (p < 0.05) of all treatment groups. Here, PA = palmitic acid; Pg-NL = Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside-loaded uncoated nanoliposomes; CH-Pg-NL = Pg-NL coated by chitosan; P-CH-Pg-NL = CH-Pg-NL coated by pectin.