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. 2022 Mar 22;13(4):311. doi: 10.3390/insects13040311

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mortality comparisons between (A) Kisumu and VK7 2014 strains and (B) Fang and FUMOZ-R strains in a topical application bioassay. Central lines of each curve represent the dose response of each species. Black lines indicate LD₅₀ values on both graphs; red lines show mortality curves of the insecticide susceptible strains of each pair of strains (Kisumu and Fang); blue lines show data for insecticide-resistant strains (VK7 2014 and FUMOZ-R). Shaded areas of each curve represent 95% CI values, generated by R software using the ggplot2 package [13]. (A) omits data for VK7 2014 treated with 136 ng per mg of mosquito, this gave 100% mortality with no variance as did the highest represented range (54 ng per mg of mosquito, refer to Supplementary Material) and so was removed for clarity.

Mortality comparisons between (A) Kisumu and VK7 2014 strains and (B) Fang and FUMOZ-R strains in a topical application bioassay. Central lines of each curve represent the dose response of each species. Black lines indicate LD₅₀ values on both graphs; red lines show mortality curves of the insecticide susceptible strains of each pair of strains (Kisumu and Fang); blue lines show data for insecticide-resistant strains (VK7 2014 and FUMOZ-R). Shaded areas of each curve represent 95% CI values, generated by R software using the ggplot2 package [13]. (A) omits data for VK7 2014 treated with 136 ng per mg of mosquito, this gave 100% mortality with no variance as did the highest represented range (54 ng per mg of mosquito, refer to Supplementary Material) and so was removed for clarity.