Table 2.

Hypermethylated TSGs in patients with BC (reported data, race wise difference in methylation pattern not studied).

Tumor Suppressor Genes	Regular Function	Effect after Hypermethylation	Comments	References
BRCA1	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Increase in metastasis	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[31]
GSTP1	▪Increases chemosensitivity of drugs ▪Detoxifying agent	▪Increases BC risk ▪Increases invasion and metastasis	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[32]
NKX-2 NKX-5	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Poor outcome in BC	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[33]
GARL2	▪Inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis	▪Poor prognosis in BC	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[33]
CDKN2A	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Poor prognosis in BC	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[34]
RIL	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Increase in tumor size, cell proliferation	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[35]
PTEN	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Poor prognosis in BC	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[36]
ARH1	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Poor prognosis in BC	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[37]
14-3-3 sigma	▪DNA damage repair	▪Increases malignant transformation	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[37]
RIZ1	▪Tumor suppressor	▪Inhibits apoptosis	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[37]
DAPK1	▪Tumor suppressor	▪BC specific mortality increases	▪Hypermethylation in BC patients	[38]