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Effect of BEO on ACh-evoked contraction in colon, jejunum and ileum of rat. Each column represents the mean of 3–6 rats. Vertical lines show standard error of mean. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 show the statistical significance between the concentrations of BEO tested on ACh-contraction versus ACh-contraction control (t-tests). ACh = acetylcholine, ATR = atropine BEO = bergamot essential oil.
