Low contents of CARs in staple foods crops |
Biofortification of crops |
[89,90,91,92] |
Solvent residues in extracted CARs |
Green-solvent-assisted extraction |
[199] |
Water insolubility, low storage stability, bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of CARs |
Encapsulation of CARs |
[110,117,120,207] |
Low bioaccessibility and bioavailability |
Mechanical processing of foods |
[104] |
Food waste (e.g., fruit peel) contains more CARs than edible parts, or loss of CARs in food waste |
Waste valorization for recovery of CARs |
[199] |
High cost of microbial CAR production |
Use of a biorefinery and a circular bioeconomy approach |
[202,204,205,206,210] |