AChE	Acetylcholinesterase
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ADIs	Acceptable daily intakes
ALG	Alginate
AMD	Age-related macular degeneration
AQPs	Aquaporins
ASK1	Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
ATBC	α-Tocopherol β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Trial
Bax	B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BCO1	β-carotene oxygenase 1
BHA	Butylated hydroxyanisole
BHT	Butylated hydroxytoluene
BMD	Bone mineral density
BW	Body weight
CARET	β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial
CARs	Carotenoids
Cas9	CRISPR-associated protein 9
Cdk	Cyclin-dependent kinase
CEH	Cholesterol ester hydrolase
COL1A1	Collagen, type i, alpha 1
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
CRISPR	Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CRP	C-reactive protein
CS	Chitosan
CVDs	Cardiovascular diseases
DBP	Diastolic blood pressure
DCW	Dry cell weight
DHA	Docosahexaenoic acids
DMAPP	Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
DRIs	Dietary reference intakes
DW	Dry weight
EPA	Eicosapentaenoic acid
FFQ	Food Frequency Questionnaire
FW	Fresh weight
GBM	Astroglioma multiforme
Glut4	Glucose transporter type 4
GM	Genetic modification
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GRADE	Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation
GSK-3β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3β
HDL-c	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HeLa	Human cervical carcinoma
HPH	High-pressure homogenization
HR	Hazard ratio
HUVECs	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
IGF	Insulin-like growth factor
IL	Interleukin
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase ()
IPP	Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate-1
LC-PUFAs	Long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids
LP	Low-temperature pasteurization
MAE	Microwave-assisted extraction
MD	Mammographic density
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MEP	2-C-methyld-erythritol 4-phosphate
MetS	Metabolic syndromes
MMP	Matrix metallopeptidase
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
MVA	Mevalonate
n-3	Omega-3
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NPs	Nanoparticles
Nrf2	Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2
NSMs	Natural small molecules
OxLDL	Oxidized phospholipids
PARP	Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PEF	Pulsed electric field
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKB	Phosphorylated protein kinase B
PPARs	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
Prx2	Peroxiredoxin 2
RCTs	Randomized controlled trials
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SBP	Systolic blood pressure
SCARB1	Scavenger receptor class b member 1
SCE	Supercritical CO2 extraction
SC-FAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SGF	Simulated gastric fluid
SIF	Simulated intestinal fluid
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SNCA	Alpha-synuclein
SNP	Single-nucleotide polymorphism
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SWRO	Seawater reverse osmosis
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRAIL	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
UAE	Ultrasonication-assisted extraction
UFAs	Unsaturated fatty acids
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
WAT	White adipose tissue
WMD	Weighted mean difference
α-SMA	Alpha-smooth muscle actin