Table 1.

Summary of possible biomarkers of chronic kidney disease according to their roles [14,18,19].

Glomerular	Tubulointerstitial	Cardiovascular	Endothelial Function
Albumin	Cystatin C	Natriuretic peptids	ADMA
Immunoglobulin G	KIM-1	Cardiac troponin T	Fetuin A
Dendrin	NGAL	C-reactive protein	Uric acid
Nephrin	NAG	Adiponectin
Transferrin	H-FABP	Lectin	Inflammation
Type IV collagen	CTGF	FGF 23	Interleukin 6
Fibronectin	c-Myb	Klotho	Pentraxin 3
Laminin	Uromodulin	Calciprotein particle	TNF-α
Podoplanin	IL-18	Wingless (Wnt) antagonists Inhibitors	Interleukin-1β
Sinaptopodin	Galectin 3	PGDF-15	IP-10
Glycosaminoglycans	Vanin 1	Paraoxonase 1	MCP-1
Ceruloplasmin	Nestin	Adrenomedullin	CD 14 mononuclear cells
L-PGDS	α1-Microglobululin		Tenascin
Immunoglobulin M	TIMP-1	Oxidative stress	Interleukin 8
Desmin		8oHdG	YKL-40
SMAD 1		AGEs	sCD40L
Podocalyxin		Pentosidine	CHIT1
ADAM 10			YKL-40
Glepp-1
α-Actinin 1			RAAS activation
VEGF			Angiotensionogen
c-Myb
Podocin
β-Enolase

L-PGDS, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, ADAM 10, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NAG, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; H-FABP, heart-type fatty acid binding protein; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; IL-18, interleukin 18; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1; FGF 23, fibroblast growth factor 23; PGDF-15, plasma growth differentiation factor-15; 8oHdG, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IP-10, inducible protein 10; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; YKL-40, chitinase 3-like 1; CHIT1, chitotriosidase-1.