ZLN005 alleviates TGF-β1-induced renal tubular epithelial cells fibrosis through PGC-1α. (A) Inhibitory effects of ZLN005 in ACTA2 luciferase assay. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (n = 4~5). ** p < 0.01. Expression of PGC-1α and α-SMA in HKC cells lysates was detected by Western blot (B) and quantified by densitometry (C,D). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (n = 4). * p < 0.05. (E) Representative images of immunocytofluorescence staining of PGC-1α, α-SMA and Fibronectin. Bar = 20 μm. Quantification of PGC-1α (F), α-SMA (H) and Fibronectin (I) fluorescence intensity. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (PGC-1α: n = 17; α-SMA and Fibronectin: DMSO: n = 9, other group: n = 17~20,). ** p < 0.01. The mRNA levels of Ppargc1α (G), Fibronectin (J), Col1a1 (K), Col1a4 (L), α-SMA (M) and TGFβ (N) were measured for evaluation of TECs fibrosis. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. (n = 4). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. ZLN005 is abbreviated to ZLN.