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Proposed mechanisms through which hIAPP is linked to toxicity in T2DM as summarised from studies published in peer-reviewed journals. They include different ways of damaging the cells such as causing damage to the membrane, causing cell inflammation, damaging cells through aggregate build-up, by increasing ROS production and ER stress. Decreased insulin secretion, activation of apoptopic pathways and secretion via exosomes are other pathways suggested to link hIAPP with cytotoxicity.
