Table 2.
Differences between and trends across bone health groups in men and women.
| A. Normal (95% CI) |
B. Osteopenia (95% CI) |
C. Osteoporosis (95% CI) |
p (Difference) | SS ‡ | p (Trend ‡) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males (N) | 974 | 1524 | 653 | |||
| T scorePF BMD † | 0.64 ± 0.67 (0.59, 0.68) | −0.53 ± 0.61 (−0.56, −0.50) | −1.56 ± 0.77 (−1.62, −1.50) | A > B > C | −46.51 | <0.001 |
| T scoreLS BMD † | 0.18 ± 0.91 (0.13, 0.24) | −1.37 ± 0.74 (−1.41, −1.33) | −2.79 ± 0.79 (−2.85, −2.73) | A > B > C | −50.12 | <0.001 |
| T scoreFN BMD † | −0.13 ± 0.65 (−0.17, −0.09) | −1.38 ± 0.59 (−1.41, −1.35) | −2.51 ± 0.73 (−2.56, −2.45) | A > B > C | −49.50 | <0.001 |
| Age, year † | 59.6 ± 8.0 (59.1, 60.1) | 63.4 ± 8.3 (63.0, 63.8) | 67.7 ± 7.7 (67.1, 68.3) | A < B < C | 19.24 | <0.001 |
| Height, cm † | 162.8 ± 7.9 (162.3, 163.3) | 161.3 ± 7.7 (160.9, 161.6) | 153.2 ± 7.5 (152.6, 153.8) | A > B > C | −20.34 | <0.001 |
| Body mass, kg † | 66.5 ± 9.6 (65.8, 67.1) | 60.8 ± 8.5 (60.4, 61.2) | 54.9 ± 8.5 (54.3, 55.6) | A > B > C | −23.38 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm † | 86.6 ± 8.7 (86.1, 87.2) | 82.7 ± 8.7 (82.3, 83.2) | 81.7 ± 9.5 (81.0, 82.5) | A > B > C | −11.31 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 † | 25.0 ± 2.9 (24.9, 25.2) | 23.4 ± 3.0 (23.3, 23.6) | 23.4 ± 3.3 (23.2, 23.7) | A > B, C | −11.77 | <0.001 |
| ABSI † | 0.0794 ± 0.0042 (0.0792, 0.0797) |
0.0798 ± 0.0043 (0.0796, 0.0800) |
0.0809 ± 0.0050 (0.0805, 0.0813) |
A, B < C | 5.62 | <0.001 |
| Female (N) | 844 | 1755 | 967 | |||
| T scorePF BMD † | 0.64 ± 0.69 (0.59, 0.69) | −0.50 ± 0.63 (−0.53, −0.47) | −1.50 ± 0.76 (−1.55, −1.45) | A > B > C | −47.95 | <0.001 |
| T scoreLS BMD † | 0.26 ± 0.94 (0.20, 0.33) | −1.42 ± 0.75 (−1.46, −1.39) | −2.93 ± 0.72 (−2.98, −2.89) | A > B > C | −55.19 | <0.001 |
| T scoreFN BMD † | −0.04 ± 0.71 (−0.09, 0.01) | −1.44 ± 0.61 (−1.47, −1.41) | −2.47 ± 0.74 (−2.52, −2.43) | A > B > C | −51.51 | <0.001 |
| Age, year † | 67.5 ± 8.2 (67.0, 68.1) | 60.6 ± 7.1 (60.3, 60.9) | 67.0 ± 8.5 (66.4, 67.5) | A > B, B < C | 0.11 | =0.911 |
| Height, cm † | 167.4 ± 6.2 (167.0, 167.8) | 157.7 ± 7.9 (157.4, 158.1) | 152.3 ± 7.4 (151.9, 152.8) | A > B > C | −35.70 | <0.001 |
| Body mass, kg | 69.8 ± 8.6 (69.2, 70.3) | 60.4 ± 8.5 (60.0, 60.8) | 52.7 ± 8.0 (52.2, 53.2) | A > B > C | −36.32 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm † | 87.6 ± 7.4 (87.1, 88.1) | 84.4 ± 8.8 (84.0, 84.8) | 79.5 ± 8.9 (79.0, 80.1) | A > B > C | −19.18 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 † | 24.9 ± 2.6 (24.7, 25.0) | 24.3 ± 3.0 (24.1, 24.4) | 22.7 ± 3.0 (22.5, 22.9) | A > B > C | −15.75 | <0.001 |
| ABSI † | 0.0796 ± 0.0037 (0.0793, 0.0798) |
0.0803 ± 0.0047 (0.0800, 0.0805) |
0.0805 ± 0.0047 (0.0802, 0.0808) |
A < B, C | 4.84 | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD. † The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups. ‡ The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to assess the trends across the three groups. SS = standardized statistic; PF = proximal femur; LS = lumbar spine; FN = femoral neck; WC = waist circumference; BMI = body mass index; ABSI = A body shape index.