Table 3.

Results of analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for the germplasm of 1219 potato accessions with four models of genetic structuring.

Model	df	Sum of Square	Variance Component	Percentage of Variation	p-Value a
Germplasm of various continental origins
among continents	6	797.63	2.71	7.6	<0.0001
within continent	1137	39,694.63	32.75	92.4	<0.0001
Germplasm of various country origins
among countries	6	1194.31	1.06	3.2	<0.0001
within countries	1134	39,297.95	32.39	96.8	<0.0001
Germplasm of three temporal groups b
among temporal groups	2	653.31	1.51	4.4	<0.0001
within temporal groups	1140	39,838.95	32.76	95.6	<0.0001
Germplasm of 50-year groups
among breeding periods	5	959.03	1.00	3.0	<0.0001
within breeding periods	1137	39,533.23	32.59	97.0	<0.0001

^a The probability that the among-group (or among-continent, among-country, among-temporal, among-50-years) variance component was larger than zero, as computed based on random permutations. ^b Germplasm temporal groups includes heirloom, old, and modern potato varieties.