Table 1.
Typical marketed drug NCs products manufactured by top-down approaches.
| Drug (Brand Name and Company) | Category | Manufacturing Technique | Dosage Form | FDA Approval Year | Major Indication | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral route | ||||||
| Sirolimus (Rapamune®, Pfizer/Wyeth) |
Immunosuppressant | Media milling | Tablets | 2000 | Prevention of organ rejection in renal transplantation | [15,16,17] |
| Aprepitant (Emend®, Merck) |
Antiemetic | Media milling | Capsules | 2003 | Prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy | [15,16,17] |
| Fenofibrate (TriCor®, Abbott) |
Hypolipidemic agent | Media milling | Tablets | 2004 | Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia | [15,16,17] |
| Megestrol acetate (Megace® ES, Par Pharmaceutical) |
Progestin | Media milling | Suspension | 2005 | Treatment of anorexia and cachexia, or unexplained, significant weight loss in patients with AIDS | [15,16,17] |
| Naproxen sodium (Naprelan®, Pfizer/Wyeth) |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | Media milling | Tablets | 2006 | Treatment of pain or inflammation caused by arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, etc. | [15] |
| Theophylline (Theodur®, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma) |
Bronchodilator | Media milling | Tablets | 2008 | Treatment of asthma and bronchitis | [15] |
| Fenofibrate (Triglide®, Skyepharma) |
Hypolipidemic agent | High pressure homogenization | Tablets | 2005 | Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia | [15,16,17] |
| Intravenous route | ||||||
| Meloxicam (Anjeso®, Baudax Bio) |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | Media milling | Suspension | 2020 | Treatment of moderate to severe pain | [18] |
| Cabotegravir and rilpivirine (Cabenuva®, ViiV Healthcare) |
Antiviral combinations | Media milling | Suspension | 2021 | Treatment of AIDS | [19] |
| Paliperidone palmitate (Invega Sustenna®, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) |
Atypical antipsychotic | High pressure homogenization | Suspension | 2009 | Treatment of schizophrenia | [15] |
| Aripiprazole lauroxil (Aristada®, Alkermes) |
Atypical antipsychotic | High pressure homogenization | Suspension | 2015 | Treatment of schizophrenia | [20] |
Notes: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; FDA, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; NCs, nanocrystals.