Table 4.
Uncertainties in Microbial Changes in Human Studies
| Uncertainty |
|---|
| Variations between studies with respect to depth of coverage, diet, ethnicity, sex, and etiology |
| Determination of whether microbiota cause or are a consequence of liver disease |
| Microbial function and metabolites need to be elucidated |
| Nonbacterial constituents: viruses, fungi, protists |
| Cost–benefit analysis and clinical translation |