Table 2.
Characteristics of MetS persons who completed a randomized controlled trial that examined 2-w consumption of a Dietary Guidelines for Americans-based diet containing a daily serving of a potato or bagel.
| All (n = 27) |
Male (n = 13) |
Female (n = 14) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) 1 | 32.5 ± 1.3 | 31.9 ± 1.5 | 33.1 ± 2.1 | 0.67 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.0 ± 1.0 | 34.9 ± 1.0 | 35.1 ± 1.7 | 0.91 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 109.8 ± 2.4 | 114.5 ± 2.1 | 105.4 ± 3.8 | 0.051 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.5 ± 1.6 | 125.2 ± 2.3 | 116.1 ± 1.6 | 0.004 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.9 ± 1.1 | 84.5 ± 1.3 | 81.4 ± 1.7 | 0.15 |
| Left cIMT (mm) | 0.61 ± 0.02 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.64 ± 0.03 | 0.24 |
| Right cIMT (mm) | 0.60 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.18 |
| Plasma Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 127.6 ± 15.5 | 171.2 ± 25.5 | 87.0 ± 10.3 | 0.008 |
| Plasma HDL-C (mg/dL) | 36.7 ± 1.4 | 34.7 ± 2.3 | 38.5 ± 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 103.7 ± 1.6 | 100.9 ± 2.7 | 106.4 ± 1.5 | 0.09 |
| Plasma Insulin (µIU/mL) | 19.9 ± 4.4 | 13.3 ± 1.1 | 26.5 ± 8.4 | 0.15 |
| HOMA-IR | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 2.4 | 0.14 |
| Plasma Ascorbic Acid (µmol/L) | 40.9 ± 4.2 | 41.7 ± 6.2 | 40.2 ± 5.9 | 0.87 |
| Plasma Uric Acid (µmol/L) | 355.2 ± 16.7 | 419.4 ± 13.2 | 300.2 ± 19.0 | <0.001 |
| MetS Criteria 2,3 | ||||
| 3 Risk Factors (%) | 67 | 62 | 71 | 0.70 |
| 4 Risk Factors (%) | 22 | 23 | 21 | >0.99 |
| 5 Risk Factors (%) | 11 | 15 | 7 | 0.60 |
| Waist Circumference (%) | 96 | 92 | 100 | 0.48 |
| HDL-C (%) | 89 | 85 | 93 | 0.60 |
| Glucose (%) | 85 | 69 | 100 | 0.04 |
| Blood Pressure (%) | 44 | 54 | 36 | 0.45 |
| Triglyceride (%) | 37 | 62 | 14 | 0.02 |
1 Data are means ± SE or the proportion of participants meeting specific MetS-related criteria. 2 Proportion of study participants who met established diagnostic criteria for MetS [24]. Between-gender comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and an unpaired Student’s t-test for nominal data. 3 Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; cIMT, carotid artery intima media thickness; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; MetS, metabolic syndrome; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.