Table 1.
Background characteristics of heart failure patients stratified by SARS-CoV-2 infection status.
| Characteristics * | COVID-19 (n = 124) |
No COVID-19 (n = 236) |
p-Value ** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0.619 | ||
| 18–35 | 5 (4.0%) | 12 (5.1%) | |
| 35–65 | 51 (41.1%) | 107 (45.3%) | |
| >65 | 68 (54.8%) | 117 (49.6%) | |
| Sex | 0.253 | ||
| Men | 74 (59.7%) | 126 (53.4%) | |
| Women | 50 (40.3%) | 110 (46.6%) | |
| Weight, BMI (kg/m2) | 0.729 | ||
| <25 | 13 (10.5%) | 27 (11.4%) | |
| 25–30 | 23 (18.5%) | 51 (21.6%) | |
| ≥30 | 88 (71.0%) | 158 (66.9%) | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Smoking | 49 (39.5%) | 92 (39.0%) | 0.921 |
| Arterial hypertension | 60 (48.4%) | 126 (53.4%) | 0.366 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 42 (33.9%) | 57 (24.2%) | 0.049 |
| Dyslipidemia | 39 (31.5%) | 51 (21.6%) | 0.040 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 15 (12.1%) | 32 (13.6%) | 0.695 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (13.7%) | 27 (11.4%) | 0.532 |
| COPD | 13 (10.5%) | 21 (8.9%) | 0.624 |
| Hematologic disorders | 10 (8.1%) | 16 (6.8%) | 0.654 |
| Autoimmune disease | 11 (8.9%) | 14 (5.9%) | 0.297 |
| Malignancy | 12 (9.7%) | 9 (3.8%) | 0.024 |
| NYHA category | 0.002 | ||
| I | 27 (21.8%) | 64 (27.2%) | |
| II | 41 (33.1%) | 92 (38.9%) | |
| II | 36 (29.0%) | 69 (29.2%) | |
| IV | 20 (16.1%) | 11 (4.7%) | |
| Complete COVID-19 Vaccination | 0.006 | ||
| Yes | 48 (38.7%) | 127 (53.8%) | |
| No | 76 (61.3%) | 109 (46.2%) | |
| Oxygen supplementation | |||
| No supplementation | 12 (9.7%) | - | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 74 (59.7%) | - | |
| Invasive ventilation | 38 (30.6%) | - | |
| COVID-19 severity | |||
| Mild | 33 (26.6%) | - | |
| Moderate | 49 (39.5%) | - | |
| Severe | 42 (33.9%) | - | |
| Disease outcomes | |||
| ICU admission | 41 (33.1%) | - | |
| In-hospital mortality | 28 (22.6%) | - |
* Data reported as n (%) unless specified differently; ** Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact; BMI—Body Mass Index; COPD—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; ACE—Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; ICU—Intensive Care Unit.