Table 3.
Comparison of inflammatory markers by NYHA classification of hospitalized heart failure patients with COVID-19.
| Variables * | Normal Range | NYHA I (n = 27) | NYHA II (n = 41) | NYHA III (n = 36) | NYHA IV (n = 20) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procalcitonin (ug/L) | 0–0.5 ug/L | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.140 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0–10 mg/L | 51 (22) | 57 (20) | 54 (24) | 54 (21) | 0.348 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0–16 pg/mL | 40 (19) | 49 (21) | 55 (23) | 53 (19) | 0.203 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 0–29 pg/mL | 38 (15) | 44 (17) | 49 (16) | 43 (18) | 0.417 |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 0–3 pg/mL | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.8) | 3.3 (2.0) | 3.5 (1.4) | 0.264 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 0–22 mm/hr | 61 (25) | 72 (31) | 77 (34) | 76 (29) | 0.094 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 2–4 g/L | 6.0 (2.7) | 6.6 (3.1) | 6.7 (3.5) | 7.2 (4.0) | 0.048 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | <250 | 361 (149) | 374 (160) | 404 (175) | 438 (192) | 0.066 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | <100 | 248 (93) | 302 (148) | 569 (291) | 1170 (384) | <0.001 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 5–25 | 22 (6.1) | 24 (8.3) | 29 (9.0) | 37 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 140–280 | 208 (96) | 254 (132) | 291 (148) | 336 (174) | 0.012 |
| Myoglobin (nmol/L) | 1.2–3.6 | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.9) | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) | 0–0.4 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/mL) | <14 | 11 (4) | 14 (6) | 19 (7) | 23 (11) | <0.001 |
* Data reported as median (interquartile range); CRP—C-reactive Protein; IL—Interleukin; TNF—Tumor Necrosis Factor; IFN—Interferon; ESR—Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; BNP—Brain Natriuretic Peptide; CK-MB—Creatine Kinase—Myoglobin Binding; LDH—Lactate Dehydrogenase.