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. 2022 Mar 24;14(4):700. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040700

Table 4.

In vitro drug membrane parameters of resatorvid topical gels/serum formulations through Strat-M® transdermal diffusion membrane (n = 3, mean ± standard deviation). Lowercase letters indicate differences between formulations with the same concentration. Capital letters indicate differences between concentrations in the same formulation (p < 0.05).

2.5% Gels and Serum Flux (µg/cm2/h) Lag Time (h) Drug Retention (µg)
2.5% (w/w) Carbomer
(gel formulation)
5.76 ± 2.08 a A - 638.51 ± 32.19 a A
2.5% (w/w) Hyaluronic Acid
(gel/serum formulation)
0.52 ± 0.14 b A 1.14 ± 0.25 472.36 ± 52.29 b A
2.5% (w/v) Pluronic® F-127
(gel formulation)
8.5 ± 0.39 a A - 289.72 ± 20.46 c A
1.25% gels and serum Flux (µg/cm2/h) Lag time (h) Drug retention (µg)
1.25% (w/w) Carbomer
(gel formulation)
2.77 ± 0.80 a A 0.15 ± 0.07 445.06 ± 85.12 a B
1.25% (w/w) Hyaluronic Acid
(gel/serum formulation)
1.16 ± 0.19 a A 1.98 ± 0.34 415.83 ± 21.19 a A
1.25% (w/v) Pluronic® F-127
(gel formulation)
8.45 ± 1.51 b A - 235.06 ± 45.74 c A