Table 1.

Comparison between AAFO and PAFO.

Parameter	Before AFO	After AFO	D	p	p
PROM of ankle DF (d)
AAFO	3.00 ± 3.50	5.50 ± 3.70	2.50 ± 2.64	0.015 *	0.990
PAFO	3.00 ± 3.50	5.50 ± 3.69	2.50 ± 2.64	0.015 *
MAS of GM
AAFO	1.65 ± 0.24	1.30 ± 0.26	−0.35 ± 0.24	0.001 *	0.343
PAFO	1.65 ± 0.24	1.35 ± 0.34	−0.30 ± 0.26	0.005 *
Walking velocity (m/s)
AAFO	0.26 ± 0.21	0.28 ± 0.20	0.016 ± 0.017	0.015 *	0.021 **
PAFO	0.26 ± 0.21	0.27 ± 0.19	0.008 ± 0.025	0.343
Stretch reflex RMS of GM (µV)
AAFO	45.70 ± 33.59	37.60 ± 30.24	−8.10 ± 7.99	0.011 *	0.017 **
PAFO	51.20 ± 49.11	46.90 ± 46.59	−4.30 ± 5.33	0.311
Walking RMS of GM (µV)
AAFO	209.90 ± 233.87	146.80 ± 184.12	−62.50 ± 78.09	0.015 *	0.015 **
PAFO	197.60 ± 206.30	301.30 ± 298.72	103.70 ± 129.36	0.032 *

Abbreviations: AFO, ankle foot orthosis; D, difference of mean data; PROM, passive range of motion; DF, dorsiflexion; d, degree; AAFO, anterior ankle foot orthosis; PAFO, posterior ankle foot orthosis; MAS, Modified Ashworth Scale; RMS, root mean square; GM, gastrocnemius muscle; * Mean difference comparisons within each group were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the level of significance was p < 0.05. ** Mean difference comparisons between the AAFO and PAFO were performed with the Mann–Whitney U test and the level of significance was p < 0.05.