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. 2022 Mar 30;11(4):663. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040663

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of NRF2 regulation. Normally, NRF2 is directly bound to the KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that targets NRF2 for proteasomal degradation. Under oxidant stimuli, ROS oxidate the cysteine residues of KEAP1 leading to a conformation change in KEAP1 that causes the inhibition of NRF2 ubiquitination and its translocation into the nucleus with consequent binding to the ARE regions of antioxidant genes (NQO1, GST, HO-1, etc.). KEAP1 = Kelch-like ECH Associated Protein 1; CUL3 = Cullin 3; RBX1 = RING-box protein 1.