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. 2022 Apr 15;12(4):426. doi: 10.3390/membranes12040426

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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FESEM images of (a) non-modified PVDF (nmPVDF) surface, (b) modified PVDF (mPVDF_max) surface, (c) modified PVDF (mPVDF_max) cross-section, and (d) EDX mapping of modified PVDF (mPVDF_max) cross-section (red dots for F and green dots for Si).