Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the sample.

Variable		Total Sample		Experimental Group		Control Group
	Range	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ2	p	φ
Age (years) (M, SD)	19–23	21.45	0.91	21.17	0.99	21.73	0.74	330.50 U	0.059	−0.27 d
Height (cm) (M, SD)	153–187	164.77	5.44	163.83	5.51	165.70	5.29	373.00 U	0.257	−0.1 d
Weight (kg) (M, SD)	44–87	61.22	8.40	61.83	7.61	60.60	9.21	520.50 U	0.300	0.16 d
Body mass index (BMI) (M, SD)	17.40–31.96	22.54	2.81	23.01	2.38	22.06	3.15	584.50 U	0.048	0.30 d
Normal	18.51–24.99	51	85.00	26	86.67	25	83.33	1.52	0.468	0.16 V
Overweight	25.00–29.99	8	13.33	3	10.00	5	16.67
Obese	30.00<	1	1.67	1	3.33	0	0.00
Acne duration (years) (M, SD)	2–12	6.20	2.15	6.57	1.14	5.83	2.81	558.00 U	0.106	0.24 d
Acne severity (GAG) (M, SD)	17–25	21.10	1.68	21.50	1.64	20.70	1.66	562.50 U	0.092	0.25 d
Mild	1–18	2	3.33	0	0.00	2	6.67	2.07	0.150	−0.19
Moderate	19–30	58	96.67	30	100.00	28	93.33
Antibiotics use (ever)
Yes		43	71.67	26	86.67	17	56.67	6.65	0.010	−0.33
No		17	28.33	4	13.33	13	43.33
Isotretinoin use (ever)
Yes		16	26.67	11	36.67	5	16.67	3.07	0.080	−0.23
No		44	73.33	19	63.33	25	83.33
Smoking cigarettes last week
Yes		21	35.00	10	33.33	11	36.67	0.07	0.787	0.04
No		39	65.00	20	66.67	19	63.33
Drinking alcohol last week
Yes		35	58.33	18	60.00	7	23.33	8.297	0.004	0.37
No		25	41.67	12	40.00	23	76.67
Eating sweets last week
Yes		57	95.00	30	100.00	27	90.00	3.16	0.076	−0.23
No		3	5.00	0	0.00	3	10.00

Note. _U = Mann–Whitey U-test for independent samples, _d = Cohen’s d effect size, _V = Cramer’s V for effect size.