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. 2022 Mar 23;9(4):452. doi: 10.3390/children9040452

Table 2.

Measures of Resources and Protective Factors.

Social Connections
  1. Talk on the phone, text, or get together with family, friends, or neighbors

  2. Attend church or religious services

  3. Attend meetings of any other groups, clubs, or organizations

Likert scale: Never/less than once per week (1) to Daily/almost every day (5)
α = 0.27
Social relationships
How many close friends or relatives do you have:
  1. who you could tell your deepest thoughts and feelings?

  2. who you could turn to when you need help with your children?

  3. who you could count on to loan you $200 if you needed it?

  4. who would provide you with a place to live if you needed it?

4 categories: 0, 1–2, 3–5, 6 or more.
α = 0.85
Resilience
During and after life’s most stressful events, I tend to:
  1. find a way to do what’s necessary to carry on.

  2. know I will bounce back.

  3. learn important and useful life lessons.

  4. practice ways to handle things better next time.

Likert scale: A great deal (1) to Not at All (5)
α = 0.80
Positive religious coping
During and after life’s most stressful events, I tend to:
  1. work together with God as partners.

  2. look to God for strength, support, and guidance.

Likert scale, reversed: A great deal (1) to Not at all (5)
α = 0.95
Purpose in life
  1. I have trouble finding peace of mind.

  2. I have a sense of direction and purpose in life.

  3. When I think about it, I’m not so sure that my life adds up to much.

Likert Scale: Strongly agree (1) to Disagree strongly (4)
α = 0.56
Self-esteem
  1. I take a positive attitude toward myself.

  2. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.

  3. I certainly feel useless at times.

  4. At times I think I am no good at all.

Likert Scale: Strongly agree (1) to Disagree strongly (4)
α = 0.71
Mastery
  1. I can do just about anything I really set my mind to.

  2. When I really want to do something, I usually find a way to succeed at it.

  3. Whether or not I am able to get what I want is in my own hands.

  4. What happens to me in the future mostly depends on me.

Likert Scale: Strongly agree (1) to Disagree strongly (4)
α = 0.75
Optimism
  1. If something can go wrong for me it will.

  2. I hardly ever expect things to go my way.

  3. I rarely count on good things happening to me.

Likert Scale: Strongly agree (1) to Disagree strongly (4)
α = 0.62
Conscientiousness
Please indicate how well each of the following describes you:
  1. Organized

  2. Responsible

  3. Hardworking

  4. Careless

Likert Scale: A lot (1) to Not at all (4)
α = 0.47
Family functioning
  1. In times of crisis, we can turn to each other for support.

  2. Individuals are accepted for what they are.

  3. We can express feelings to each other.

  4. We feel accepted for what we are.

  5. We are able to make decisions about how to solve problems.

  6. We confide in each other.

Likert Scale: Strongly agree (1) to Strong disagree (4)
α = 0.85
Child routines
  1. In a typical week, how many nights, 0 to 7, does your family eat dinner together? (Count response)

  2. Is there a regular time that (child’s name) (and, your other children) goes to bed on week days? (Yes, No)

5 or more dinners together per week and “yes” to regular bedtime.
α = 0.87
Partner support
  1. I can trust the other caregiver to take good care of (child’s name).

  2. He/she/respects the schedules and rules I make for (child’s name).

  3. I can count on the other caregiver for help when I need someone to look after (child’s name) for a few hours.

Likert style: Never true (1) to Always true (4) (no partner = 0)
α = 0.79