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Neferine affects proinflammatory cytokine production in rat hippocampal tissue. Representative Western blot images in the different groups and densitometric values for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were normalized to β-actin levels (n = 5 rats/group). Statistical results of immunoblot analysis showed that neferine reduced the band intensities of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (one-way ANOVA). *** p < 0.05 vs. control group. # p < 0.05 vs. KA-treated group.
