Table 1.
Brush-directed behaviors performed by group-housed heifers (7 to 8 heifers/group) for each treatment (2 vs. 4 brushes/pen, n = 4 groups/treatment), averaged among four 6 h observation periods unless otherwise indicated.
| Variable | Treatment | SE 1 | F-Value 2 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Brush | 4 Brush | ||||
| Competition events (no.) | 5.7 | 6.2 | 1.02 | 0.8 (1,6) | 0.75 |
| Competitive index 3 | 47.5 | 48.5 | 2.07 | 0.1 (1,6) | 0.75 |
| Bout Frequency (no.) 4 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 1.79 | 1.2 (1,6) | 0.31 |
| Bout Duration (s/bout) 4 | 27.5 | 35.1 | 1.85 | 8.5 (1,5.7) | 0.029 |
1 Pooled standard error. 2 Degrees of freedom associated with each F statistic are reported in parentheses. 3 Frequency of initiated displacements (actor role) divided by the total number of displacements the individual heifer was involved in (actor and receiver roles), multiplied by 100; calculated on an individual heifer basis across the entire study. 4 Bout characteristics based on 2 pooled inter-bout criteria calculated from 0–6 and 18–24 h of exposure (periods 1 and 2, when the brushes were most novel) vs. 120–126 and 138–144 h of exposure (periods 3 and 4).