Table 2.
Brush-directed behaviors performed by group-housed heifers (7 to 8 heifers/group) for each 6 h observation period, regardless of brush quantity treatment (2 vs. 4 brushes/pen, n = 4 groups/treatment).
| Period 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavior | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | SE 2 | F-Value 3 | p-Value |
| Competition events (no.) | 8.6 a | 4.9 bc | 3.1 b | 7.1 ac | 1.08 | 6.9 (3,16.4) | 0.003 |
| Bout Frequency (no.) 4 | 18.8 a | 17.1 ab | 12.2 b | 15.8 ab | 14.50 | 5.2 (1,16.3) | 0.011 |
| Bout Duration (s/bout) 4 | 22.5 b | 19.9 b | 41.2 a | 41.6 a | 2.60 | 20.2 (1,16.7) | <0.001 |
1 Behavior observations were performed across four 6 h periods, defined as periods 1–4 (0–6, 18–24, 120–126, and 138–144 h after exposure, respectively). 2 Pooled standard error. 3 Degrees of freedom associated with each F statistic are reported in parentheses. 4 Bout characteristics based on 2 pooled inter-bout criteria calculated from 0–6 and 18–24 h of exposure (periods 1 and 2, when the brushes were most novel) vs. 120–126 and 138–144 h of exposure (periods 3 and 4). a–c Superscripts that differ within row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).