Table 3.

Summary of SPR VLP–ligand cases discussed in Section 2.2.

Virus	Ligand	Immobilization	Matrix	Key Findings	Platform	Reference
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virus-like particle (VLP)	8 HPV-16 VLP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)	CM5 sensor chip, amine coupling of mAbs	10 mM HEPES 150 mM NaCl 3 mM EDTA 0.005% Tween-20 pH 7.4	All tested antibodies bind to related epitopes on HPV-16 VLPs.	Biacore 3000	Towne et al., 2013 [24]
Norovirus (NoV) VLPs	NoV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)	CM5 sensor chip, amine coupling of rabbit anti-mouse IgG. Followed by mAbs.	0.01 M HEPES 0.15 M NaCl 0.05% Tween-20 pH 7.4	Table 3 in study displays all mAb-VLP dissociation constants kd.	Biacore 3000	Kou et al., 2015 [39]