Figure 3.

The gene expression profile of HepG2 cells incubated with or without human serum. (A) Principal component analysis of the gene expression (log₂TPM) displaying the first two components. HepG2 cells were incubated with serum-free medium, medium supplemented with 20% human serum from fasting participants, or medium supplemented with serum taken 30 or 60 min after the intake of fishmeal or whey (n = 5–6 per condition; Figure 1). (B) Differential gene expression analysis of cells incubated with serum from fasting participants versus cells cultured in serum-free medium. Genes that were >1.5-fold up- or downregulated (fdr < 0.05) are indicated in blue or red, respectively. SFM: serum-free medium.