Health‐related quality of life
Study	SF‐36 scores	Surgery	No surgery	Mean (95% CI) of between‐group differences; P value
Dixon 2012	Physical function, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	29.6 (16.1 to 43.2)	12.8 (1.4 to 24.2)	16.8 (‐3.4 to 37); P = 0.1
Dixon 2012	Physical Role, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	39.2 (17.3 to 61.2)	5.7 (‐12.9 to 24.3)	33.5 (2.2 to 64.8); P = 0.04
Dixon 2012	Bodily Pain, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	14.6 (4.7 to 24.5)	7.2 (0.8 to 13.7)	7.4 (‐6.5 to 21.2); P = 0.29
Dixon 2012	General Health, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	30 (20.8 to 39.1)	11.6 (2.3 to 20.8)	18.4 (3.6 to 33.2); P = 0.02
Dixon 2012	Vitality, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	22.5 (13.4 to 31.7)	5.2 (‐5.7 to 16.0)	17.3 (0.4 to 34.3); P = 0.05
Dixon 2012	Social Functioing, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	16.3 (2.4 to 30.3)	5.7 (‐5.0 to 16.4)	10.6 (‐9.1 to 30.3); P = 0.29
Dixon 2012	Emotional Role, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	20.5 (‐3.3 to 44.3)	4.9 (‐12.0 to 21.9)	15.6 (‐19.7 to 50.9); P = 0.38
Dixon 2012	Mental Health, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	9.1 (‐0.3 to 18.4)	4.8 (‐4.6 to 14.1)	4.3 (‐10.5 to 19.0); P = 0.57
Dixon 2012	Physical Component summary score, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	12.6 (7.3 to 17.9)	3.4 (‐1.6 to 8.4)	9.3 (0.5 to 18.0); P = 0.04
Dixon 2012	Mental Component summary score, mean change at 2 years (95% CI)	0.5 (‐3.0 to 4.0)	0.8 (‐2.2 to 3.8)	‐0.3 (‐5.3 to 4.8); P = 0.92
O'Brien 2006	Physical function at 2 years, mean	90	87	P < 0.05
O'Brien 2006	Physical Role at 2 years, mean	92	70	P < 0.05
O'Brien 2006	Pain at 2 years, mean	83	78	P = ns
O'Brien 2006	General Health at 2 years, mean	73	68	P < 0.05
O'Brien 2006	Vitality at 2 years, mean	66	57	P < 0.05
O'Brien 2006	Social Functioning at 2 years, mean	85	81	P = ns
O'Brien 2006	Emotional Role at 2 years, mean	92	72	P < 0.05
O'Brien 2006	Mental Health at 2 years, mean	76	72	P = ns
O'Brien 2006
O'Brien 2006