Figure 6.

Summary of the proposed mechanisms by which Hsp27 mediates gemcitabine chemoresistance. Hsp27 overexpression or phosphorylation, through different molecular pathways, results in inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of EMT and repair of gemcitabine-induced DNA damage. Key: SNAIL, zinc finger protein SNAI1; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; ERCC1, effects of excision repair cross-complementation group 1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; CHK1, checkpoint kinase 1; eIF4e, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E.