. 2022 Apr 15;11(8):2228. doi: 10.3390/jcm11082228

Table 1.

COVID-19 training [15,16,17,18,19,20,21] based on the few available data.

COVID-19 Patients Training
- 4/5 sessions/week for 6 weeks - Aerobic training: cycle ergometer, steps, walking, treadmill running; 5–30′ at 40–60% max heart rate or 4–6 Borg Scale - Resistance training: upper and lower body exercises; 30–80% of 1 RM; 8–12 repetitions - Respiratory training: using a commercial hand-held resistance for 3 sets with 10 breaths 2 times/day for 4 weeks in each set at 60% of maximal expiratory mouth pressure with a rest period of 1 min - Cough exercise: 3 sets of 10 active coughs - Diaphragmatic muscle training: 30 maximal voluntary diaphragmatic contractions in the supine position, placing a medium weight (1–3 kg) on the anterior abdominal wall to resist diaphragmatic descent - Stretching exercise: the respiratory muscles are stretched under the guidance of a rehabilitation therapist; the patient was placed in the supine or lateral decubitus position with the knees bent to correct the lumbar curve; patients were ordered to move their arms in flexion, horizontal extension, abduction and external rotation

COVID-19 Patients Training

-
4/5 sessions/week for 6 weeks
-
Aerobic training: cycle ergometer, steps, walking, treadmill running; 5–30′ at 40–60% max heart rate or 4–6 Borg Scale
-
Resistance training: upper and lower body exercises; 30–80% of 1 RM; 8–12 repetitions
-
Respiratory training: using a commercial hand-held resistance for 3 sets with 10 breaths 2 times/day for 4 weeks in each set at 60% of maximal expiratory mouth pressure with a rest period of 1 min
-
Cough exercise: 3 sets of 10 active coughs
-
Diaphragmatic muscle training: 30 maximal voluntary diaphragmatic contractions in the supine position, placing a medium weight (1–3 kg) on the anterior abdominal wall to resist diaphragmatic descent
-
Stretching exercise: the respiratory muscles are stretched under the guidance of a rehabilitation therapist; the patient was placed in the supine or lateral decubitus position with the knees bent to correct the lumbar curve; patients were ordered to move their arms in flexion, horizontal extension, abduction and external rotation

RM: one repetition maximum, such as maximal weight an individual can lift for just one repetition with correct technique is the gold standard for assessing strength.