Table 3.

Different exercise training programs with a general description, COVID-19 related diseases trial data and COVID-19 trial/Expert Consensus data.

Training	General Description	COVID-19 Related Diseases Trial Data	COVID-19 Trial/Expert Consensus Data
Continuous Aerobic training	Characterized by continuous, dynamic, rhythmic activities involving major muscle groups (i.e., walking, treadmill, cycle ergometer, stair climbing, rower, elliptical trainers) Typically performed at submaximal intensity with the main purpose of progressively moving the anaerobic threshold Heart rate or oxygen consumption measurement to set training intensity.	SARS-CoV-1	COVID-19 trial Expert Consensus
		Frailty
		Interstitial lung disease
		Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
		Heart Failure Pulmonary Hypertension
Interval Training	High/Low intensity: intermittent periods of high/low intensity exercise separated by periods of low intensity/recovery Heart rate or oxygen consumption measurement to set training intensity.	Heart Failure	COVID-19 trial
Resistance Training	Primarily anaerobic physical exercises designed to promote muscles force against external weights. 1RM (one-repetition maximum), the maximum amount of weight that a person can possibly lift for one repetition, used to set training intensity. It promotes less pronounced cardiorespiratory responses when compared to aerobic exercise	SARS-CoV-1	COVID-19 trial Expert Consensus
		Frailty
		Interstitial lung disease
		Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
		Heart Failure
		Pulmonary Hypertension
Inspiratory muscles training	Inspiration using a commercial hand-held resistance	SARS-CoV-1	COVID-19 trial Expert Consensus
		Heart Failure
		Pulmonary Hypertension
Cough Exercise	Sets of active cough under the guidance of a rehabilitation therapist		COVID-19 trial Expert Consensus
Diaphragm Training	Maximal voluntary diaphragmatic contractions in the supine position, placing a medium weight (1–3 kg) on the anterior abdominal wall to resist diaphragmatic descent		COVID-19 trial Expert Consensus
Stretching Exercise	The respiratory muscles stretched under the guidance of a rehabilitation therapist; the patient placed in the supine or lateral decubitus position with the knees bent to correct the lumbar curve; patients ordered to move their arms in flexion, horizontal extension, abduction and external	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	COVID-19 trials Expert Consensus
Flexibility Exercise	Static and dynamic stretching leading to progressive increase in range of motion	Frailty
		Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Balance Exercise	Leg stances, semi-tandem and tandem stance, toe walking, heel walking, tandem gait, walking on a balance board, eye–hand and eye–leg coordination	Frailty	Expert Consensus
Deep/ slow breath sessions	Special form of training skilfully mastered by patients through a series of choreographed action routines and with the help of words, pictures, videos or other communication methods. During breathing training, it is necessary to pay attention to the coordination of diaphragm movement with trunk and limb movement so that diaphragm-function training, breathing-mode training and body and joint training can be carried out at the same time.	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Heart Failure Pulmonary Hypertension	Expert Consensus