| BER | Base excision repair |
| CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
| CTCs | Circulating tumor cells |
| CXCL 12 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 |
| Cybrid | Cytoplasmic hybrid |
| ESCC | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
| FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
| FGF-1 | Fibroblast growth factor 1 |
| G-CSF | Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor |
| GLUT 1 | Glucose transporter 1 |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma cells |
| HR | Homologous recombination |
| ICAM-1 | Integrin/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 |
| IDO-1 | Indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase1 |
| ISGs | Interferon-stimulated gene |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| MCT | Monocarboxylate transporter |
| MDR | Multidrug resistance |
| MMEJ | Microhomology-mediated end joining |
| MMP 9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 |
| MST 1 | Macrophage-stimulating 1 |
| mtDNA | Mitochondrial DNA |
| NETs | Neutrophilic extracellular traps |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| PA | Palmitic acid |
| PDK | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase |
| PD-L1 | Programmed cell death ligand 1 |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| POLG | Polymerase g |
| TAMs | Tumor-associated macrophage |
| TANs | Tumor-associated neutrophils |
| Tregs | Regulatory T cells |
| TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
| TFAM | Transposition factor A |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
| VDAC | Voltage-dependent anion channel |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| YAP | Yes-associated protein |