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. 2022 Apr 13;8(4):239. doi: 10.3390/gels8040239

Figure 21.

Figure 21

(a) Schematic illustration of a multi-head printing system. Reproduced from Jin Woo Jung et al. [128]. (b) Schematic illustration of the Kenzan printing technique. (A,B) Spheroids are prepared with only cells. (A) Three types of cells are prepared for spheroid formation. (B) Spheroid was formed and release extracellular matrix. (CG) Spheroids are employed to fabricate scaffold-free cell construct. (C) Kenzan prepared for 3D bioprinting. (D) Spheroids are skewered onto Kenzan automatically using bio-3D printer. (E) Spheroids are cultured on the microneedles of Kenzan to fuse with each other. (F) Scaffold-free cell construct is retrieved from Kenzan. (G) Cell constructs are cultured on tube for further maturation. A strategy to print a heterogeneous tissue construct composed of two tissue parts and a support. Reproduced from Daiki Murata et al. [110].