Figure 1.

Molecular mechanisms involved in the development of multiple drug resistance by the neoplastic cells. Briefly, increase drug efflux, decrease drug intake, drug sequestration, and drug metabolism by enzymes, are the mechanisms responsible for the decreased drug availability in the cells. Additionally, through increased target concentration, apoptosis disruption, DNA mutations, and upregulation of compensatory pathways, cancer cells can surpass the anti-cancer action of the drug. Figure created using BioRender.