. 2022 Mar 23;12(4):352. doi: 10.3390/membranes12040352

Table 1.

Origin and functional role of microRNAs packed into different plant-derived extracellular vesicles.

PDEV Origin	microRNA	Functional Role	References
Bitter melon	miR-156 d, miR-162, miR-166 5p, miR-167, miR-172,miR-390, miR-394, miR-396 3p, miR-399, miR-529, miR-2111 5p	Potential role in the regulation of NLRP3 mRNA	[84]
Soybean	miR-5781, miR-4996, miR-5671a	Regulatation of interleukin 17A, interleukin 10, interleukin 33	[27]
	gma-miR-6300	Targeting gene ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
	mtr-miR-156a	Targeting gene ORF1ab of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
Hami melon	miR-164a	Regulatation of interleukin 16	[27]
Hami melon	ath-miR-164b-5p, zma-miR-398b-5p, cme-miR-530b, cme-miR-399d	Targeting gene ORF1ab of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
Orange	miR-398b	Regulatation of interleukin 1, alpha	[27]
Ginger	miR-1078	Regulatation of interleukin 6	[27]
	miR-7267-3p	Suppression of Lactobacillus rhamnosus monooxygenase ycnE mRNA, in the gut microbiome	[23]
	aly-miR396a-5p	Inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Nsp12 of SARS-CoV-2; suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect by inhibiting the expression of the viral S and Nsp12	[14]
	rlcv-miR-rL1-28-3p	Suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect by inhibiting the expression of the viral S and Nsp12	[14]
	gma-miR-6300	Targeting gene ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
	aqc-miR-159	Targeting gene M of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
Tomato	miR-4995	Regulatation of interleukin 5	[27]
	gma-miR-6300	Targeting gene ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
	gma-miR-4375, zma-miR-398b-5p, bdi-miR-5059, osa-miR-5077	Targeting gene ORF1ab of SARS-CoV-2
	sly-miR-1919a	Targeting gene ORF10 of SARS-CoV-2
Fragaria	miR-166g	Disruption of the morphogenesis of leaves	[89]
Moringa oleifera	mol-miR160h, mol-mir482b, mol-mir166, mol-mir 159c, mol-mir2118a, mol-mir167f-3p, mol-mir156e, mol-mir395d, mol-mir393a, mol-mir397a, mol-mir858b, mol-mir396a	Potential regulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic targets	[81]
Walnuts	miR-156c, miR-159a	Regulation of mammalian TNF-α signaling pathway in adipocytes and regulate inflammation	[69]
Coconut	gma-miR-4995	Targeting gene SPIKE of SARS-CoV-2	[35]
Coconut	mtr-miR-156a	Targeting gene ORF1ab of SARS-CoV-2
Pear	mdm-miR-1511	Targeting gene SPIKE of SARS-CoV-2
Pear	zma-miR-164b-3p	Targeting gene N of SARS-CoV-2
Pea	pvu-miR-482-5p	Targeting gene ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2
Pea	gma-miR-156f	Targeting gene ORF1ab of SARS-CoV-2
Blueberry	zma-miR-398b-5p
Grapefruit	bdi-miR-5059, osa-miR-5077
Kiwifruit	osa-miR-530-5p
Grapes	vvi-miR-3630, vvi-miR-156a/n, vvi-miR-169r/u