Table 2.
Therapeutic target of neuroinflammation in PD.
| Target | Medication | Model | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COX-inhibitor | Sodium salicylate | MPTP-treated mice | Beneficial | [151,152,153,155] |
| Ibuprofen, piroxicam | Rotenone-treated rats | Beneficial | [154] | |
| TNF-α inhibitor | Thalidomide | MPTP-treated mice | Beneficial | [159] |
| NLRP3 inhibitor | MCC950 | 6-OHDA-treated mice | Beneficial | [163] |
| α-Synuclein fibrils-treated mice | Beneficial | [163] | ||
| NRF2 enhancer | Dimethyl fumarate | SNCA (p.A53T) transgenic mice | Beneficial | [164] |
| MPTP-treated mice | Beneficial | [15] | ||
| Mice expressing α-synuclein in ventral midbrain | Beneficial | [167,168] | ||
| PPAR-γ agonist | Pioglitazone | MPTP-treated monkey | Beneficial | [171] |
| MPTP-treated mice | Beneficial | [172,173] | ||
| Rosiglitazone | MPTP-treated mice | Beneficial | [174] | |
| Steroidal drugs | Dexamethasone | LPS-treated rat | Beneficial | [175] |
COX: cyclooxygenase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NRF2: nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2; 6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; PPAR-γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.