Table 1.
Studies on the effect of inositol supplementation to prevent GDM.
| Ref. | Study Design | Time to Supplementation | Type of Supplementation | Participants | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D’Anna et al. 2013 [24] | RCT | From the 12th week of gestation | n = 110 2000 mg MI + 200 μg folic acid twice a day n = 110 200 μg folic acid twice a day |
220 Caucasian pregnant women with family history of DM2 | Lower incidence of GDM in MI group (p = 0.04) Risk decreased by 65% (OR. 0.35) Lower incidence of macrosomia in MI group |
| Matarrelli et al. 2013 [25] | RCT | From the 12th week of gestation | n = 36 2000 mg MI + 200 μg folic acid twice a day n = 39 200 μg folic acid twice a day |
75 women with high fasting glucose in the first trimester | Lower incidence of GDM in MI group (p = 0.001) with RR = 0.127 Later delivery in MI group Lower birth weight and abdominal circumference in MI group |
| D’Anna et al. 2015 [26] | RCT | From the 12th week of gestation | n = 110 2000 mg MI + 200 μg folic acid twice a day n = 110 200 μg folic acid twice a day |
220 pregnant obese women | Lower incidence of GDM in MI group (p = 0.001; OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.17–0.68) Reduction in HOMA-IR in MI group (p = 0.048) |
| Santamaria et al. 2016 [27] | RCT | From the 12th week of gestation | n = 110 2000 mg MI + 200 μg folic acid twice a day n = 110 200 μg folic acid twice a day |
220 women with pre-pregnancy BMI 25–30 kg/m2 | Lower incidence of GDM in MI group (p = 0.004) (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.15–0.70) |
| Godfrey et al. 2021 [36] | RCT | Preconception and during pregnancy | n = 870 Nutritional formulation with MI (4 g/day), probiotics and multiple micronutrients n = 859 Standard micronutrients supplement |
1.729 New Zealand women planning conception | No effect on glucose, incidence of GDM or fetal outcomes Lower preterm deliveries in MI group (aRR 0.43 [0.22–0.82]) Lower postpartum hemorrhage in MI group (aRR 0.44 [95% CI 0.20–0.94]) |
| Farren et al. 2017 [32] | RCT | From the 10th week of gestation | n = 120 1100 mg MI + 27.6 mg DCI, 400 μg folic acid n = 120 200 μg folic acid twice a day |
240 pregnant women with family history of DM2 | The combination MI + DCI does not reduce the incidence of GDM as compared to placebo |
| Celentano et al. 2020 [4] | RCT | At the first visit in pregnancy | n = 39 2000 mg MI + 200 μg folic acid twice a day n = 32 500 mg DCI + 400 μg folic acid n = 34 1100 mg MI + DCI 27.6 g + 400 μg folic acid n = 52 400 μg folic acid |
157 pregnant non-obese women | Lower incidence of GDM in MI group (5.1% versus 61.5% in control group, 34.4% in DCI, and 38.2% in MI/DCI; p < 0.001) Lower abdominal circumference and birth weight in MI group |
GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, RCT = randomized controlled trials, RR = risk ratio, aRR = adjusted risk ratio, OR = odds ratio, NNT = number needed to treat, DM2 = diabetes mellitus type 2, MI = myo-inositol, DCI = D-chiro-inositol, BMI = body mass index, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance.