Table 2.

Studies on inositol supplementation to treat gestational diabetes.

Ref.	Study Design	Time to Supplementation	Type of Supplementation	Participants	Main Results
Corrado et al. 2011 [37]	RCT	From GDM diagnosis	n = 24 2000 mg di MI + 200 mcg folic acid twice a day n = 45 400 mcg folic acid	69 women with GDM	Lower HOMA-IR in MI group (p < 0.001) Higher adiponectin in MI group (p = 0.009)
Di Biase et al. 2017 [38]	RCT	From GDM diagnosis	n = 67 DCI 500 mg twice a day n = 70 placebo	137 women with GDM	Lower post-prandial glucose (p < 0.005), insulin dose (p = 0.026), and weight gain (p = 0.015) in DCI group Lower abdominal circumference in DCI group (p < 0.001)
Fraticelli et al. 2018 [2]	RCT	From GDM diagnosis	n = 20 2000 mg MI + 200 mcg folic acid twice a day n = 20 500 mg DCI + 400 mcg folic acid n = 20 1100 mg MI + 27.6 g DCI + 400 mcg folic acid n = 20 400 mcg folic acid	80 Caucasian women with GDM	Lower HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and weight gain (p < 0.005) in MI group Lower need of insulin therapy in MI group Lower insulin dose in MI group Lower birth weight in MI, DCI, and MI/DCI groups (p = 0.032)
Pintaudi et al. 2018 [3]	Case-control study	From the 30th week of gestation	n = 6 4000 mg/day MI + 400 mcg folic acid n = 6 400 mcg folic acid	12 Caucasian women with GDM	Lower glycemic variability in MI group (p < 0.001) No significant differences on neonatal outcomes
Kulshrestha et al. 2021 [40]	RCT	From GDM diagnosis	n = 50 1000 mg MI twice a day n = 50 control group	100 Asian Indian women with singleton pregnancy and GDM	Lower plasma glucose in MI group (p = 0.008) Lower need of insulin treatment in MI group (6.1% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.02) Lower birth weight in MI group (p = 0.018)

GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, RCT = randomized controlled trials, MI = myo-inositol, DCI = D-chiro-inositol, BMI = body mass index, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance.