Table 1.
Characteristics of study population according to the combination of metabolic health risk and obesity status in KNHANES.
| MHN | MUN | MHO | MUO | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 9813 | 8711 | 3278 | 6666 | - |
| Weighted n (weighted %) | 6,703,404 (36.4) | 5,133,971 (27.9) | 2,335,099 (12.7) | 4,238,314 (23.0) | - |
| Lifestyle and socio-economic factors | |||||
| Age, years | 51.2 ± 0.1 | 58.8 ± 0.2 | 50.6 ± 0.2 | 56.5 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 3900 (44.4) | 3935 (50.0) | 1435 (51.5) | 2979 (52.5) | <0.001 |
| Residential area, % Urban Rural |
69.8 30.2 |
68.7 31.3 |
66.8 33.2 |
67.2 32.8 |
0.009 |
| Education level, % ≤Elementary school graduate Middle school graduate High school graduate ≥University graduate |
18.6 13.6 38.9 28.9 |
36.9 15.5 29.8 17.8 |
20.6 15.6 37.2 26.7 |
35.0 15.3 29.4 20.3 |
<0.001 |
| Household income level, % Low (<₩2,000,000) High (≥₩2,000,000) |
37.8 62.2 |
51.0 49.0 |
39.7 60.3 |
48.3 51.7 |
<0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1894 (22.8) | 1632 (22.8) | 603 (23.1) | 1110 (21.4) | 0.325 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 4938 (54.2) | 4138 (53.6) | 1704 (56.2) | 3247 (55.4) | 0.093 |
| Metabolic equivalent of task | 2235 ± 51 | 2040 ± 52 | 2296 ± 83 | 2070 ± 61 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic health risks and obesity status | |||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.05 ± 0.02 | 22.56 ± 0.02 | 27.04 ± 0.04 | 27.54 ± 0.04 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | - | 2037 (23.4) | - | 1793 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | - | 6219 (69.2) | - | 5272 (78.0) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | - | 3458 (40.1) | - | 2760 (41.1) | <0.001 |
| Number of metabolic health risks | - | 1.33 ± 0.01 | - | 1.45 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
The analyses accounted for the complex sampling design (sampling weight, cluster, and strata) and the weighted mean values and percentages are presented. Values are presented as mean ± standard error for continuous variables or number of counts and percentage for categorical variables. p-values are from a one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables assessing the difference according to the metabolic health risk and obesity status. BMI: body mass index; KNHANES: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; MHN: metabolically healthy non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2 & 0 metabolic health risk); MHO: metabolically healthy and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 & 0 metabolic health risk); MUN: metabolically unhealthy non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2 & 1–3 metabolic health risks); MUO: metabolically unhealthy obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 & 1–3 metabolic health risks); n: Number.