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. 2022 Apr 1;11(4):551. doi: 10.3390/biology11040551

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Correlation (r) between antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, and toxin genes and toxinotypes of C. perfringens isolates from different sample types. Red and blue colors indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively. The color key refers to correlation coefficient (r). The darker red and blue colors imply stronger positive (R = 0.5:1) and negative (R = −0.5:−1) correlations, respectively. AMP, ampicillin; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; FOX, cefoxitin; ENR, enrofloxacin; IPM, imipenem; C, chloramphenicol; L, lincomycin; MTZ, metronidazole; E, erythromycin; TE, tetracycline. The tet(K), tet(L), and tet(M); lnu(A) and lnu(B); erm(B); bla; and qnrA and qnrB are genes associated with tetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin, β-lactams, and enrofloxacin resistances, respectively. The cpa, cpb, etx, ia, and cpe are C. perfringens alpha, beta, epsilon, iota, and enterotoxin genes, respectively, and cpb2 is the C. perfringens beta2 toxin gene.