Table 3.
Antimicrobial activity of the binary systems.
| Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microorganism | SBE (800 µg mL−1) | SBE/Cs 2:1 80/500 | SBE/Cs 2:1 80/1000 | SBE (600 µg mL−1) | SBE/Cs 1:1 80/500 | SBE/Cs 1:1 80/1000 | SBE (400 µg mL−1) | SBE/Cs 1:2 80/500 | SBE/Cs 1:2 80/1000 | Metronidazole | Clindamycin |
| Gardnerella vaginalis | 27.0 ± 2.0 a | 25.0 ± 2.0 a | 21.0 ± 2.0 b | 20.0 ± 1.0 b | 19.0 ± 2.0 b | 16.0 ± 2.0 c,d | 17.0 ± 2.0 c | 14.0 ± 2.0 c,d | 13.0 ± 1.0 d | 26.0 ± 1.0 a | 25.0 ± 2.0 a |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 28.0 ± 2.0 a | 25.0 ± 2.0 b,c | 24.0 ± 2.0 c | 25.0 ± 2.0 b,c | 20.0 ± 2.0 d | 18.0 ± 2.0 d,e | 18.0 ± 2.0 d | 15.0 ± 1.0 e | 12.0 ± 1.0 f | 27.0 ± 1.0 a,b | 25.0 ± 2.0 b,c |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 28.0 ± 3.0 a | 26.0 ± 2.0 a,b | 24.0 ± 2.0 b | 26.0 ± 3.0 a,b | 20.0 ± 2.0 c | 18.0 ± 2.0 c,d | 20.0 ± 2.0 c,d | 15.0 ± 1.0 d | 9.0 ± 1.0 e | 27.0 ± 1.0 a,b | 25.0 ± 2.0 a,b |
| Escherichia coli | 23.0 ± 2.0 b,c | 26.0 ± 1.0 a,b | 25.0 ± 2.0 b | 22.0 ± 2.0 c,d | 21.0 ± 2.0 c,d,e | 19.0 ± 2.0 e,f | 19.0 ± 2.0 e,f | 16.0 ± 1.0 f | 11.0 ± 1.0 g | 28.0 ± 2.0 a | 19.0 ± 2.0 d,e |
| Lactobacillus gasseri | 22.0 ± 2.0 a,b,c | 22.0 ± 2.0 a,b,c | 22.0 ± 2.0 a,b,c | 20.0 ± 2.0 b,c,d | 19.0 ± 2.0 c,d | 19.0 ± 2.0 d | 20.0 ± 2.0 b,c,d | 17.0 ± 1.0 d,e | 11.0 ± 1.0 f | 23.0 ± 1.0 a | 15.0 ± 1.0 e |
| Lactobacillus jensenii | 20.0 ± 2.0 b,c | 21.0 ± 2.0 b | 21.0 ± 2.0 b | 18.0 ± 2.0 c | 19.0 ± 2.0 b,c | 19.0 ± 2.0 b,c | 12.0 ± 2.0 e | 14.0 ± 1.0 d | 11.0 ± 1.0 e | 20.0 ± 1.0 b,c | 25.0 ± 2.0 a |
| Lactobacillus plantarum | 19.0 ± 0.0 a | 16.0 ± 1.0 b,c | 19.0 ± 1.0 a | 17.0 ± 0.0 b | 15.0 ± 1.0 c | 15.0 ± 1.0 c | 11.0 ± 0.0 d | 15.0 ± 1.0 c | 11.0 ± 1.0 d | 16.0 ± 1.0 b,c | 19.0 ± 2.0 a |
| Candida albicans | 15.0 ± 0.0 b | 16.0 ± 1.0 b | 18.0 ± 2.0 a | 13.0 ± 0.0 c | 16.0 ± 1.0 b | 18.0 ± 2.0 a | 11.0 ± 0.0 d | 15.0 ± 1.0 b | 12.0 ± 1.0 c,d | 18.0 ± 1.0 a | 15.0 ± 1.0 b |
| Candida parapsilosis | 13.0 ± 0.0 d,e | 17.0 ± 1.0 c | 22.0 ± 1.0 b | 11.0 ± 0.0 f,g | 17.0 ± 2.0 c | 18.0 ± 2.0 c | 10.0 ± 0.0 g | 14.0 ± 1.0 d | 12.0 ± 1.0 e,f | 18.0 ± 1.0 c | 25.0 ± 2.0 a |
| Candida krusei | 12.0 ± 0.0 f | 18.0 ± 1.0 d | 20.0 ± 1.0 c | 12.0 ± 0.0 f | 15.0 ± 1.0 d | 18.0 ± 1.0 d | 10.0 ± 0.0 g | 13.0 ± 1.0 f | 12.0 ± 1.0 f | 27.0 ± 2.0 a | 25.0 ± 2.0 b |
All the binary systems were tested at a concentration of 1200 µg mL−1. Reference substances, such as metronidazole and clindamycin, were tested at a concentration of 1000 µg mL−1. The results are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Mean values with the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test. “a” of the alphabet stands for the highest values, “b–g” stand for the statistically significant decreasing values.