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. 2022 Apr 18;14(8):2044. doi: 10.3390/cancers14082044

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of nanoparticles for photothermal therapy (PTT) according to the therapeutic mechanisms. Conventional PTT gives priority to the cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) of targeted cancer in the radiated area. In contrast, photothermal immunotherapy focuses on the immune reactions after PTT for systemic anti-cancer effect. (Abbreviations: PTT—photothermal therapy; ICG—indocyanine green; Ncs—naphthalocyanines; Por—porphyrin; CNT—carbon nanotubes; GO—graphene oxide; AuNP—gold nanoparticles; AuNSh—gold nanoshells; AuNSt—gold nanostars; AuNR—gold nanorods; Hsp—heat shock protein; HMGB1—high-mobility group box 1; ATP—adenosine triphosphate).